Grease is more than just “thick oil.” It’s a complex lubricant made to stay put, protect, and perform under pressure—literally. But with so many types out there, choosing the right one can feel overwhelming. Pick the wrong grease, and you risk wear, overheating, or catastrophic failure.
This guide simplifies the decision, breaking down grease components, classifications, and use cases so you get it right the first time.
What Makes Up Grease?
Grease is made of three main components:
- Base Oil – Does the lubricating (can be mineral, synthetic, or bio-based)
- Thickener – Holds it in place (like a sponge)
- Additives – Boost performance (anti-wear, extreme pressure, etc.)
Understanding NLGI Grades
- NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute) grades indicate grease consistency.
- NLGI 000–0: Very soft, flowable — used in centralized systems
- NLGI 1–2: Most common — ideal for general-purpose applications
- NLGI 3+: Firm — for high-speed bearings or hot environments
Most equipment uses NLGI 2 grease
- Thickener Types (and What They Mean)
- Lithium Complex – Great all-around; good heat/water resistance
- Calcium Sulfonate – Excellent corrosion protection; marine use
- Aluminum Complex – Good water resistance; food-grade options
- Polyurea – Long-life grease; often used in electric motors
- Clay (Bentonite) – High temp tolerance but poor water resistance
Base Oil Choices
- Mineral Oil – Cost-effective for general industrial use
- Synthetic Oil – Best for extreme temps, high loads, or longevity
- Biodegradable Oils – Required in eco-sensitive areas (e.g., agriculture, forestry)
Application-Based Recommendations
- Heavy Equipment: Lithium complex or calcium sulfonate, NLGI 2
- Electric Motors: Polyurea grease
- Marine or Wet Environments: Aluminum or calcium sulfonate
- High Heat: Synthetic oil + lithium complex or clay thickener
